PHP input/output streams

• php://stdin

• php://stdout

• php://stderr

• php://output

• php://input

• php://filter (available since PHP 5.0.0)

• php://memory (available since PHP 5.1.0)

• php://temp (available since PHP 5.1.0)

php://stdin, php://stdout and php://stderr allow access to the corresponding input or output stream of the PHP process.

php://output allows you to write to the output buffer mechanism in the same way as print() and echo().

php://input allows you to read raw POST data. It is a less memory intensive alternative to $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA and does not need any special php.ini directives. php://input is not available with enctype="multipart/form-data".

php://stdin and php://input are read-only, whereas php://stdout, php://stderr and php://output are write-only.

php://filter is a kind of meta-wrapper designed to permit the application of filters to a stream at the time of opening. This is useful with all-in-one file functions such as readfile(), file(), and file_get_contents() where there is otherwise no opportunity to apply a filter to the stream prior the contents being read.

The php://filter target takes the following 'parameters' as parts of its 'path'.

• /resource=<stream to be filtered> (required) This parameter must be located at the end of your php://filter specification and should point to the stream which you want filtered.

  <?php /* This is equivalent to simply:    readfile("http://www.example.com");    since no filters are actually specified */ readfile("php://filter/resource=http://www.example.com"); ?>

• /read=<filter list to apply to read chain> (optional) This parameter takes one or more filternames separated by the pipe character |.

  <?php /* This will output the contents of     www.example.com entirely in uppercase */ readfile("php://filter/read=string.toupper/resource=http://www.example.com"); /* This will do the same as above    but will also ROT13 encode it */ readfile("php://filter/read=string.toupper|string.rot13/resource=http://www.example.com"); ?>

• /write=<filter list to apply to write chain> (optional) This parameter takes one or more filternames separated by the pipe character |.

  <?php /* This will filter the string "Hello World"    through the rot13 filter, then write to    example.txt in the current directory */ file_put_contents("php://filter/write=string.rot13/resource=example.txt","Hello World"); ?>

• /<filter list to apply to both chains> (optional) Any filter lists which are not prefixed specifically by read= or write= will be applied to both the read and write chains (as appropriate).

The php://memory wrapper stores the data in the memory. php://temp behaves similarly, but uses a temporary file for storing the data when a certain memory limit is reached (the default is 2 MB).

The php://temp wrapper takes the following 'parameters' as parts of its 'path':

• /maxmemory:<number of bytes> (optional). This parameter allows changing the default value for the memory limit (when the data is moved to a temporary file).

  <?php $fiveMBs = 5 * 1024 * 1024; $fp = fopen("php://temp/maxmemory:$fiveMBs", 'r+'); fputs($fp, "hello\n"); // read what we have written rewind($fp); echo stream_get_contents($fp); ?>